The Cyber Law Toolkit offers a unique combination of resources, including detailed hypothetical scenarios, a repository of real-world cyber incidents, and a comprehensive collection of national positions on international law in cyberspace.

The toolkit now features 35 scenarios, each blending a description of a cyber incident with in-depth legal analysis. The collection of real-world incidents has also expanded to nearly 80 entries, capturing the latest developments from around the globe.

The project was developed by an editorial team led by Professor Kubo Mačák (University of Exeter), Tomáš Minárik (Czech National Cyber and Information Security Agency), and Otakar Horák (NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence).

Contributions undergo rigorous internal and external peer review, drawing on the expertise of dozens of international lawyers from diverse professional and geographic backgrounds.

Professor Mačák said: “Each year, the toolkit evolves to reflect how international law is being tested and shaped by cyber activities. The 2025 update ensures that policymakers, legal advisers, and scholars have access to up-to-date, reliable guidance on these rapidly developing issues.”